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What is Housing First?

The Australian Housing First Principles

Housing First is defined by a set of 8 principles. These principles inform how we deliver Housing First support, design high-fidelity Housing First programs, and identify the structural challenges and opportunities within our homelessness (and human services) system.

Flexible support as long as needed

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Mainstream support can look like
  • Support is driven by the completion of standard assessment tools which benefit the provider rather than the person
  • People are unable to re-access the service once their case is closed or dormant
  • Providers ending support when a person has low engagement
Housing First support should look like
  • Support rises and falls based on need
  • People can re-engage with the same Housing First worker or service if their needs change in the future
  • Providers have low caseloads so they can respond to periods of increased support need

Choice & self-determination

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Mainstream support can look like
  • Properties are identified before conversations have been had with the person
  • Single housing offers are presented, or there is little choice offered regarding location
  • Hours and type of support are fixed
  • People are penalised for having visitors or living in ways that do not align with the expectations of others
Housing First support should look like
  • People are actively involved in the housing process to ensure the property suits their needs
  • Support assists in a broad range of life areas, as directed by the person
  • Level of oversight and care is commensurate with need
  • Honouring individual choices, with recognition of varying needs and functioning levels

Right to a home

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Mainstream support can look like
  • Housing a person in an empty property, without support to furnish or personalise it
  • Housing is identified before people engage with the service, and offers are restricted
  • Tenancy includes conditions about engagement with support or regarding support needs
Housing First support should look like
  • No housing-readiness criteria
  • Commitment to re-house people if a tenancy is not sustained
  • Standard tenancy agreement, without programmatic contingencies of the tenancy
  • Programs offer support with moving in and ongoing housing support needs (daily living, tenancy maintenance, utilities)

Housing & support are separated

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Mainstream support can look like
  • Losing a tenancy if you stop engaging with support
  • Clauses in tenancy agreements regarding engagement with support
  • Support is provided to residents of an accommodation site, rather than the individual
Housing First support should look like
  • Support continues when housing is lost or no longer active
  • Supports are outreach and mobile
  • Clear division of roles between support and housing providers

Active engagement without coercion

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Mainstream support can look like
  • People are reprimanded for non-engagement with support, including being removed from case load or excluded from service
  • Support is offered in the same way and at the convenience of the worker
  • Excessive and intrusive surveillance
Housing First support should look like
  • Housing security is never leveraged to motivate behaviours
  • Support is individualised and delivered in partnership with a person
  • Assertive outreach practices to meet people where they are and build rapport

Social & community inclusion

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Mainstream support can look like
  • Cold-referral to community centres and programs of interest, without providing support to engage
  • Short support periods that focus on crisis responses
  • Supports do not encourage individuals to pursue interests and connect to community
  • Supports are closed when housing is obtained
Housing First support should look like
  • Social and community inclusion is embedded in provided supports
  • Supports enable participants to reconnect with family, culture and other individuals of importance
  • Participants are encouraged to engage in educational, employment and recreational activities and opportunities

Recovery oriented practice

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Mainstream support can look like
  • Support is focused on diagnosis that people may have, rather than their capacity and abilities
  • Support is limited to tenancy, health or social issues; rarely encouraging the person to dream and imagine a future for themselves
  • Comorbid and intersectional needs create barriers to engaging with supports
  • Language focused on risk and negative perceptions of symptoms and diagnoses
Housing First support should look like
  • Perceiving recovery as less about people being symptom free, but rather about recovering a sense of themselves and their position in community
  • Support offers hope and dignity of risk
  • Supports are developmentally, culturally and gender appropriate, and delivered in a way that leverages individual strengths
  • Mental health support and a multidisciplinary team are integrated in the support network

Harm reduction approach

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Mainstream support can look like
  • Conditions are placed on the person through the tenancy & support which imply abstinence
  • Staff are not trained to support people in harm reduction techniques
  • Services prioritise the needs and demands of providers
  • Service and worker values influence perceptions of appropriate treatment options for a person
  • Hesitation of staff in having open conversations around substance use, particularly where this disclosure can compromise support availability
  • Only asking about substance use during intake assessment or following a crisis incident
Housing First support should look like
  • Staff work consistently with people to reduce negative consequences they may experience from behaviours or choices
  • Staff hold a focus on a person’s safety
  • Risk assessment processes are individualised and person-centred, prioritising the needs of people over the needs of the service
  • Skillful, therapeutic techniques to regularly check-in without judgement on individual needs and goals to identify support opportunities that arise

To learn more, please visit the Homelessness Australia website to download the Housing First principles and other resources created by Australian Housing First trainers.

Fidelity

We use the terms ‘Housing First’ and ‘Housing Led’ to differentiate programs based on how closely they align to the 8 Housing First principles. This is important to ensure sovereignty of the Housing First evidence base. A program with low fidelity to the principles is distinguished as ‘Housing Led’ or ‘Housing First informed’, as opposed to a ‘Housing First’ program.

Fidelity slip and program drift is inevitable. It provides an opportunity to adapt initiatives to localised contexts and specific needs of target cohorts. However, fidelity to key principles and components of Housing First is important to ensure initiatives align with the factors that contribute to success.

Many mainstream homelessness workers and services are interested in aligning practice with Housing First principles, however they are constrained by the system in which we work as it is not currently conducive to Housing First practice and programs. Part of the ongoing Housing First journey is to investigate ways to increase practice and program fidelity to Housing First principles, while simultaneously undertaking systems change work to respond to the structural barriers that reduce Housing First fidelity.

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